(ĐTĐ-Anatomy of Pain) – Knowledge of the peripheral anatomy of the human body is essential in evaluating the complex problems found in a patient with pain. The clinical problem is often reduced to the simple question, “Is the pain in an area supplied by a single nerve root, a single peripheral nerve, or a branch of a peripheral nerve?” A physical examination to evaluate pain, weakness, and their distribution often leads the clinician to better localize the nerves involved in…
Law of Pain: The Biochemical Origin of Pain Theory – We propose a Law of Pain which states that: The origin of all pain is inflammation and the inflammatory response[21]. This Law unifies all pain syndromes as sharing a common origin of inflammation and the inflammatory response. It is our theory that nociceptive and neuropathic pain, acute and chronic pain, peripheral and central pain including windup, neuroplasticity and central sensitization are a continuum of inflammation and the inflammatory response. …
Law of Pain: The Prior Theories – We are proposing a unifying theory or law of pain, which states: The origin of all pain is inflammation and the inflammatory response. The biochemical mediators of inflammation include cytokines, neuropeptides, growth factors and neurotransmitters. Abstract We are proposing a unifying theory or law of pain, which states: The origin of all pain is inflammation and the inflammatory response. The biochemical mediators of inflammation include cytokines, neuropeptides, growth factors and neurotransmitters. Irrespective…
(ĐTĐ) – The gate control theory of pain was developed by Melzack and Wall to account for mechanisms by which other cutaneous stimuli and emotional states alter the level of pain. Tiếng Việt >> They suggested that within the substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn, there are interneurons that presynaptically inhibit transmission of nociceptive information to the ascending tracts. These interneurons are activated by large-diameter afferents and inhibited by small-diameter afferents. In addition, they suggested that the brain exerts descending…
(ĐTĐ) – Pain is a central perception of multiple primary sensory modalities. This interpretive function is complex, involving psychological, neuroanatomic, neurochemical, and neurophysiologic factors of both the pain stimulus and the memory of past pain experiences. Tiếng Việt >> The peripheral mechanisms for sensing and modulating pain have been extensively studied during the past 30 years. The pathways for pain sensation, from the initial stimulus of the nociceptors to the central nervous system, are summarized in Figure-1. There appear to…
(ĐTĐ) – Pain is a very complicated phenomenon and there are many ways of describing and classifying pain. Most of these are relevant as they provide information about the different clinical aspects of pain Types of pain Definition Malignant – non malignant pain Based on temporal onset Based on the cause of the pain Definition Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as: “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential…
(ĐTĐ) – Various techniques are available to determine the cause of pain, including pain measurement tools and X-ray devices. Your doctor will talk to you about your symptoms and ask about your history of illness, injury or surgery. You may be asked to fill out a questionnaire to assess the intensity and location of your pain. Your doctor will also perform a physical examination, and may order blood tests or X-rays. Tests used to diagnose the cause of pain…
(ĐTĐ) – The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the hinge joint that connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone of the skull. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) occur as a result of problems with the jaw, jaw joint, and surrounding facial muscles that control chewing and moving the jaw. This joint is immediately in front of the ear on each side of your head. The joints are flexible, allowing the jaw to move smoothly up and down and side to side…
(ĐTĐ) – Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a fancy way to describe muscle pain. It refers to pain and inflammation in the body’s soft tissues. Myofascial pain is a chronic condition that affects the fascia (connective tissue that covers the muscles). Myofascial pain syndrome may involve either a single muscle or a muscle group. In some cases, the area where a person experiences the pain may not be where the myofascial pain generator is located. Experts believe that the actual…
(ĐTĐ) – Musculoskeletal pain is pain that affects the muscles, ligaments and tendons, along with the bones. What Causes Musculoskeletal Pain? The causes of musculoskeletal pain are varied. Muscle tissue can be damaged with the wear and tear of daily activities. Trauma to an area (jerking movements, auto accidents, falls, fractures, sprains, dislocations, and direct blows to the muscle) also can cause musculoskeletal pain. Other causes of pain include postural strain, repetitive movements, overuse, and prolonged immobilization. Changes in posture…
